Makes and Models: 320

In the late 1930s, a time when elegance and power seamlessly merged, automobiles emerged as symbols of sophistication and style. Amidst this era, the Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B shone as a true masterpiece, leaving an indelible mark on the illustrious journey of the renowned brand. This car held immense significance for the brand, as it represented a pivotal juncture. The brand harbored ambitions of solidifying its position among the automotive elite. In this pursuit, the model served as a guiding light, propelling the brand toward a realm of extraordinary accomplishments.

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In 1937, additionally, as Mercedes-Benz bid farewell to the aging 290 model, a new era was ushered in with the introduction of the more powerful and versatile 320th. This welcomed change brought forth a range of exciting possibilities for customers, offering enhanced performance and an expanded selection of body styles. Furthermore, staying true to its predecessor, the 320 came in two-wheelbase options and boasted a variety of shapes to cater to individual preferences. For those seeking the bespoke touch, Mercedes-Benz provided the option of purchasing the car as a chassis, allowing custom coach-builders to work their magic. Moreover, among the impressive lineup of in-house creations, the Cabriolet B emerged as one of the standout convertible versions. However, even though the 320 maintained the lineage, there were significant improvements. For instance, the car featured advanced engineering that set it apart from the older model. On the other hand, while it embraced modernity, it didn’t compromise on the brand’s heritage of luxury. In comparison, the 320 shared some similarities with its predecessor. Likewise, it continued the tradition of offering diverse options for customers to personalize their cars. Similarly, it incorporated cutting-edge technologies, yet it didn’t forsake the elegance and attention to detail that was integral to the brand’s ethos. Consequently, the 320 Cabriolet B stood as a testament to the brand’s commitment to innovation and refinement. Therefore, it holds a special place in the history of automobiles, ultimately contributing to Mercedes-Benz’s lasting legacy.

The origins

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The brand introduced the W 142 series in 1937 to address the gap in the upper-middle-class segment. It competed with vehicles like the Opel Admiral and Ford’s 3.6-liter V8. The 320 came with two wheelbase options: short and regular. The short version offered a bare chassis, Cabriolet, or Combination coupé, while the long-wheelbase variant included cabriolets and saloons with various body styles. To enhance performance, significant modifications were made to the 320 compared to its predecessor, the 290. The engine underwent an upgrade to a 3.2-liter inline-six with a larger bore and a dual downdraught carburetor, resulting in a 10-horsepower increase. The suspension also received a revamp, delivering improved driving comfort and handling.

In 1939, the 320 saw a revised version, featuring a 3.4-liter engine adapted for lower-quality fuel due to Germany’s shift to coal liquefaction, which had lower octane ratings. The model served the German Army during World War II as a “Wehrmachtskübelwagen,” manufactured between 1937 and 1942. Throughout its production years, the W 142 series displayed its versatility and adaptability through various body styles, making its mark in automotive history. Production of the car concluded in 1942, yielding a total of 6,861 vehicles manufactured, including 1,764 for the German Army.

The 1942 model year

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The iconic luxury convertible concluded its production with the 1942 version due to the ongoing global conflict. Although it shared numerous similarities with its predecessor, the 1942 edition showcased various significant changes and distinctions. The exterior maintained the elegant and graceful design of the Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B, featuring the characteristic 3.3-meter (130-inch) long wheelbase. The beautifully arched fenders seamlessly flowed from the long hood, which was adorned with side-mounted spare wheels, emanating a sense of sophistication and timeless charm. The headlights resided between the fenders and the engine compartment, eliminating the need for a front grille bar seen in prior models. At the back, the locking trunk offered practicality and security for safely stowing belongings during journeys.

Inside the cabin, the 1942 version continued to provide a luxurious and comfortable driving experience. The front seats accommodated two occupants, while the rear had a bench seat for additional passengers. The instrument panel maintained its coolant temperature gauge, with the three dials remaining centrally positioned on the dashboard for easy monitoring and control. The cabin exuded refinement, showcasing high-quality materials, meticulous craftsmanship, and attention to detail. Enhancing the overall luxurious ambiance was the large, four-spoke steering wheel.

In terms of technical specifications, the 1942 edition featured a robust inline-six engine. However, due to challenging circumstances at the time, resource availability and fuel constraints influenced the vehicle’s technical aspects. The exact engine specifications for the 1942 model year might have varied, with adjustments made to suit changing conditions. These adjustments could encompass alterations to displacement, power output, or fuel efficiency. The transmission remained a 4-speed manual, ensuring smooth and precise gear shifts.

While the 1942 model shared many resemblances with its predecessor, it likely differed subtly to adapt to challenges posed by the ongoing conflict. These differences might encompass modifications to enhance fuel-efficiency, adjustments to adhere to evolving regulations, or changes in available features and options. The 1942 edition marked the pinnacle of a remarkable lineage, uniting luxurious aesthetics, refined interior craftsmanship, and commendable performance. Despite limitations imposed by tumultuous times, this final iteration continued to embody automotive excellence, leaving an indelible mark on the brand’s heritage.

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Source: Automotive Heritage

Like many other civilian vehicles of that time, some 1942 editions of the model were requisitioned for military use during the war. These vehicles were often modified and adapted for military purposes, serving as staff cars or command vehicles for high-ranking officers.

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In 1937, the Mercedes-Benz 320 (factory code W 142) emerged as a successor to the aging 290 model, arriving during a period of somber and challenging times. However, this “flawless German” automobile had the remarkable ability to inspire a sense of joy and optimism.

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Despite not being the priciest option in Mercedes’ lineup during the late 1930s, the Mercedes-Benz 320 was far from being classified as affordable either. It showcased an impressive array of steel and chrome, along with exquisite woodwork and luxurious leather upholstery. The attention to detail was meticulous, evident in even the smallest aspects, and the vehicle boasted two spare tires. The manufacturer opted for natural materials, eschewing synthetics, and inexpensive components, emphasizing grandeur and perfection on a grand scale. The bare chassis without a body carried a price tag of 6800 RM (Reichsmarks) or $17,000, while the cheapest sedan model was priced at 8950 RM or $22,380. However, the convertible commanded a substantial premium, costing 13,500 RM or $33,750. To put things into perspective, a six-cylinder four-door BMW 326 retailed for 5500 RM ($13,750) at the time, while the Opel Kadett was a more affordable option, priced at only 2100 RM (5250).

The origins

Source: Classic Trader

The Mercedes-Benz 320, belonging to the W 142 series, made its debut at the International Motor Show (IAMA) held in Berlin in February 1937. It served as a replacement for the 290 model, which was a mid-range vehicle produced at the Stuttgart plant. With the introduction of this new model, Mercedes-Benz aimed to bridge the gap between their mid-range cars and the larger, more luxurious models. This release was significant for the brand, as it entered a highly competitive vehicle class. Notably, their main rivals at the time included Horch with their 930 V and 830 BL models, Opel with the recently launched Admiral, and Ford with its 3.6-liter V8. Initially, the manufacturer offered two different wheelbase options for the Mercedes-Benz 320. It was an evolution of the 290 (W 18) model, which had been available from 1933 to 1936. The focus during the development of its successor was on enhancing engine performance and ensuring smooth operation, while still retaining the concept of a side-valve six-cylinder engine with vertical valves. The M18 engine of the 290 models had a modest output of 68 horsepower (50 kW), resulting in moderate driving performance. However, when the engine was revised for the Mercedes-Benz 320, significant improvements were made to achieve higher power output. In general, the positioning of each vehicle within Mercedes-Benz’s lineup during the 1930s was determined by the number of cylinders and the engine size. Among the three mid-range six-cylinder models, the “Three hundred and twentieth” held the highest level of prestige. It was manufactured from 1937 to 1942 in two series, not including the military SUV Kubelwagen, which was developed based on its platform.

The 1939 model year

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The 1939 model year of the Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B showcased several notable features and improvements compared to its predecessor. Let’s delve into the technical specifications, interior and exterior design, and key differences from the previous model year. The Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B was powered by a robust inline-six engine, known as the M142, which displaced 3.4 liters. This engine featured an overhead-valve (OHV) design and produced an impressive output of around 80 horsepower, allowing for respectable performance and smooth acceleration. The 1939 model also incorporated mechanical advancements, including an improved suspension system for enhanced ride comfort and handling. The interior of the 1939 Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B exuded elegance and luxury. The cabin was crafted with meticulous attention to detail, showcasing exquisite materials and fine craftsmanship. Plush leather upholstery adorned the seats, while the dashboard and door panels featured rich wood trim. The interior appointments reflected the opulence and sophistication synonymous with Mercedes-Benz during this era. Passengers could enjoy a comfortable and refined driving experience, with ample legroom and supportive seating. The exterior design of the 1939 Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B exemplified timeless beauty and classic aesthetics. It retained the graceful curves and sleek lines characteristic of pre-war luxury automobiles. The elegant bodywork boasted a harmonious blend of chrome accents and polished metal surfaces, exuding a sense of prestige and exclusivity. The iconic Mercedes-Benz grille, adorned with the signature three-pointed star emblem, commanded attention, while the sweeping fenders and flowing contours added to the car’s overall allure. Compared to its predecessor, the 1939 model year of the Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B introduced some notable refinements. While specific changes may vary, updates often included improved engineering, enhanced suspension systems, and refined interior trims. Additionally, advancements in manufacturing techniques might have led to improved fit and finish, ensuring an even higher level of quality and craftsmanship.

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Source: Classic Trader

Due to the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the production of this luxurious vehicle was severely limited. The global conflict led to significant disruptions in the automotive industry, and many manufacturers shifted their focus toward military production. As a result, only a limited number of 1939 versions left the assembly line, making them rare and highly sought after by collectors today. 

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In the world of opulent automobiles, very few brands enjoyed the same esteemed reputation as Mercedes-Benz. With its storied history and unwavering commitment to craftsmanship, the German automaker consistently delivered vehicles that epitomized elegance and performance. Among its illustrious lineup, the Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B stood tall as a true masterpiece, captivating enthusiasts and connoisseurs alike with its magnificence.

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Despite not being the most expensive car in the Mercedes lineup during the late 1930s, the Mercedes Three Hundred and Twentieth certainly couldn’t be labeled as cheap either. This automobile boasted a remarkable amount of steel and chrome, along with exquisite woodwork and luxurious leather that added to its allure. Notably, the vehicle even featured not one, but two spare tires—an extravagant touch. The manufacturer spared no expense, opting for natural materials and executing every aspect of the car on a grand and meticulous scale.

The origins

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In a grand unveiling at the esteemed International Motor Show (IAMA) held in Berlin in February 1937, the Mercedes-Benz 320 (W 142 series) made its highly anticipated debut. This elegant automobile was poised to fill the void between mid-range vehicles and the larger, more opulent models offered by the renowned Stuttgart plant. By introducing this new marvel, the German brand sought to establish a distinct presence within a fiercely competitive segment of the automotive industry. During that era, prominent adversaries for the esteemed German automaker included Horch with its 930 V and 830 BL models, Opel with the recently launched Admiral, and Ford with its robust 3.6-liter V8 engine. To begin, the manufacturer presented two variants based on different wheelbases. It is worth noting that the 320 was an evolution of its predecessor, the 290 (W 18), which had been available from 1933 to 1936. The M18 engine in the 290 delivered a modest 68 horsepower (50 kW), limiting its performance capabilities. However, when the engine underwent a revision for the successor, the focus shifted towards enhancing the smoothness of operation and achieving significantly greater engine output. Remarkably, these improvements were achieved while adhering to the conventional design of a side-valve six-cylinder engine with vertical valves. In general, the positioning of each vehicle within the company’s hierarchy during the 1930s was determined by the number of cylinders and the engine’s size. As the epitome of the mid-range 6-cylinder models, the illustrious “Three Hundred and twentieth” held the utmost prestige. Its production spanned from 1937 to 1942, encompassing two distinct series, excluding the army’s versatile SUV, the Kubelwagen, which was developed based on its platform.

The 1940 model year

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Beneath its sleek exterior, the 1940 edition was powered by a robust 3.2-liter inline-six engine, delivering an impressive power output. This refined powertrain surpassed its predecessor, offering enhanced performance and a seamlessly smooth driving experience. Equipped with a four-speed manual transmission, the Cabriolet B effortlessly shifted gears, providing an exhilarating ride with impeccable precision. The exterior design of the 1940 version was a visual masterpiece. Its timeless and graceful lines showcased sweeping curves, a prominent grille adorned with the iconic Mercedes-Benz emblem, and sleek chrome accents that added a touch of refinement. The convertible top, crafted from high-quality fabric, was seamlessly integrated into the overall silhouette, allowing for a seamless transition between open-top driving and a closed cabin. Stepping into the cabin, occupants were greeted by an interior that exuded luxury and refinement. Meticulously crafted leather upholstery enveloped the seats, offering exceptional comfort, while exquisite wood trim accents elevated the sense of opulence. The dashboard featured a classic and ergonomic layout, with gauges and controls thoughtfully positioned for easy access and intuitive operation. Technologically advanced for its time, the 1940 edition boasted innovations such as hydraulic brakes, ensuring precise and responsive stopping power. The finely tuned suspension system provided a smooth and composed ride, even on uneven surfaces. These engineering marvels collectively contributed to an unmatched driving experience, elevating the Cabriolet B to a level of excellence.

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Source: Classic Trader

The cost of a 1940 version of the model in classic car auctions can vary significantly depending on factors such as its condition, originality, provenance, and overall demand in the market. It is important to note that classic car auction prices can fluctuate and are subject to factors such as location, auction house, and buyer competition. The average auction price for a well-preserved and authentic 1940 version was reported to range from $200,000 to $300,000. 

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The Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B was a stunning vehicle that truly captured the essence of timeless elegance. Its sleek, curved lines and graceful silhouette gave it an air of sophistication and class that was unmatched by its contemporaries. 

Source: RM Sotheby’s

The 1938 Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B was a classic car that represented the pinnacle of German engineering and design of the pre-war era. It was known for its elegant styling, exceptional performance, and luxurious features, and it was a favorite among the affluent class of the time. With its smooth ride and powerful engine, this vehicle was an emblem of prestige and sophistication. In the past, it was a highly sought-after collector’s item, coveted for its timeless beauty and historical significance. 

The origins

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The history of the Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B was notable for its innovation, design, and high-quality workmanship. The vehicle first made its appearance at the Paris Motor Show in 1937, where it caught the attention of car enthusiasts with its smooth and sleek exterior, luxurious interior, and impressive engine performance. The 320 Cabriolet B was designed by Max Sailer, a German engineer who previously worked for BMW and Maybach. Sailer brought his expertise to the design, creating an automobile built on a strong steel frame with advanced features like hydraulic brakes, independent front suspension, and a four-speed manual transmission. But it was the car’s interior that set it apart, with lavish leather seats, a wood-trimmed dashboard, and stylish gauges and controls. The 320 Cabriolet B quickly became a favorite of celebrities, politicians, and other high-profile figures, including Winston Churchill, who purchased a customized automobile in 1945. Other notable owners included King Leopold III of Belgium and actor Clark Gable, who affectionately referred to his car as “the lil’ Benz.” Although production was halted during World War II, Mercedes-Benz resumed production of the 320 Cabriolet B in 1949 and continued until 1955, making several updates and improvements along the way. Today, the vehicle is considered a masterpiece of automotive engineering, with its timeless design and impeccable craftsmanship continuing to inspire enthusiasts worldwide. Whether displayed in a museum or cruising down the highway, the 320 Cabriolet B remains a symbol of the golden age of automotive design and a true work of art.

The 1938 model year

Source: RM Sotheby’s

The 1938 edition of the Mercedes car was a blend of elegance and luxury, truly representing the brand’s high standards. It came with various improvements in both technical aspects and interior design, setting it apart from its predecessor, the 1937 version, and making it even more attractive to potential buyers. Under the hood, it was equipped with a 3.2-liter inline-six engine, capable of producing 80 horsepower. This engine was mated to a four-speed manual transmission, ensuring smooth gear changes. With a rear-wheel-drive system, the car could achieve an impressive 0 to 60 mph acceleration in approximately 20 seconds, a remarkable feat for its time. One of the significant upgrades in the 1938 model was the adoption of hydraulic brakes, replacing the mechanical brakes of the previous year’s model. This enhancement significantly improved the car’s braking performance, making it much safer to drive. Additionally, the automobile’s suspension system was refined, leading to improved handling and ride comfort. The interior of the 1938 version was both spacious and luxurious. The vehicle had four seats, with the front seats being adjustable and highly comfortable. The interior was adorned with high-quality materials such as leather and wood, which gave it a sophisticated and elegant look. The dashboard had a classic design and featured an analog speedometer and tachometer, along with various other gauges that provided the driver with critical information about the car’s performance. One significant difference in the interior of the 1938 version was the inclusion of a heater, which was not present in the previous year’s model. This improvement made the car much more comfortable to drive during the cold winter months.

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Source: Bonhams 

During World War II, the 1938 edition was a highly sought-after vehicle by German officers, who admired its luxurious features and exceptional performance. As a result, many of these automobiles were confiscated and used by the Nazi regime, making them a rare find today.

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